Type-I intermittency with noise versus eyelet intermittency

In this Letter we compare the characteristics of two types of the intermittent behavior (type-I intermittency in the presence of noise and eyelet intermittency taking place in the vicinity of the chaotic phase synchronization boundary) supposed hitherto to be different phenomena. We show that these effects are the same type of dynamics observed under different conditions. The correctness of our conclusion is confirmed by the consideration of different sample systems, such as quadratic map, Van der Pol oscillator and Rössler system. Consideration of the problem concerning the upper boundary of the intermittent behavior also confirms the validity of the statement on the equivalence of type-I intermittency in the presence of noise and eyelet intermittency observed in the onset of phase synchronization.     

Effective theory for deformed nuclei

Techniques from effective field theory are applied to nuclear rotation. This approach exploits the spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry and the separation of scale between low-energy Nambu–Goldstone rotational modes and high-energy vibrational and nucleonic degrees of freedom. A power counting is established and the Hamiltonian is constructed at next-to-leading order.     

On the singular sector of the Hermitian random matrix model in the large N limit

The one-cut case of the Hermitian random matrix model in the large N limit is considered. Its singular sector in the space of coupling constants is analyzed from the point of view of the hodograph equations of the underlying dispersionless Toda hierarchy. A deep connection with the singular sector of the hodograph equations of the 1-layer Benney (classical long wave equation) hierarchy is stablished. This property is a consequence of the fact that the hodograph equations for both hierarchies describe the critical points of solutions of Euler-Poisson-Darboux equations.     

A second-sound based, hyperbolic SIR model for high-diffusivity spread

We present an analytical study of one-dimensional (1D) kinematic wave phenomena under a hyperbolic SIR model based not on Fick's diffusion law, but rather on the inertial-type II flux law of second-sound theory. Unlike in the Ficken context, we are able to derive exact traveling wave solutions (TWS)s, as well as explicit asymptotic/approximate expressions, for both the susceptibles and infectives. We also determine, using singular surface theory, how shock-fronts resulting from initial jump discontinuities propagate and evolve under this model. In particular, critical values and special cases are examined and possible mitigation methods, which take the form of parameter-value manipulation(s), are noted.     

Geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of gold-magnesium (AunMg) bimetallic clusters

The geometrical structures, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Au_nMg (n=1-8) clusters have been systematically investigated by means of first-principle density functional theory. The results show that the ground-state isomers have planar structures for n=1-7. Here, the calculated fragmentation energies, the second-order difference of energies, the highest occupied-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, and the hardness exhibit a pronounced odd-even alternation, manifesting that the clusters, especially Au₂Mg, with even-number gold atoms have a higher relative stability. On the basis of natural population analysis, the charge transfer and magnetic moment are also discussed.     

New observables in topological instantonic field theories

Instantonic theories are quantum field theories where all correlators are determined by integrals over the finite-dimensional space (space of generalized instantons). We consider novel geometrical observables in instantonic topological quantum mechanics that are strikingly different from standard evaluation observables. These observables allow jumps of special type for the trajectory (at the point of insertion of such observables). They do not (anti)commute with evaluation observables and raise the dimension of the space of allowed configurations, while the evaluation observables lower this dimension. We study these observables in geometric and operator formalisms. Simple examples are explicitly computed; they depend on the linking of points.     

水环境对GC和AT碱基对质子转移的影响

采用B3LYP/DZP++的方法研究了第一水化层作用和连续化处理的水溶剂作用对鸟嘌呤-胞嘧啶(GC)碱基对和腺嘌呤-胸腺嘧啶(AT)碱基对质子转移反应的影响. GC和AT碱基对在连续化水溶剂作用下,均发生单质子转移(SPT1)和分步的双质子转移(DPT),而在第一水化层5 个水分子的作用下(GC·5H₂O,AT·5H₂O)或同时考虑第一水化层作用和连续化水溶剂作用(GC·5H₂O+PCM,AT·5H₂O+PCM)时,GC和AT碱基对的质子转移均只得到单质子转移反应(SPT1). 单质子转移过程中的活化能变化情况表明：第一水化层对GC和AT碱基对结构和质子转移影响较大,水环境对碱基对的作用主要发生在第一水化层.     

CH4, CO2和H2O在非金属原子修饰石墨烯表面的吸附

煤层气(矿井瓦斯)是一种有望替代传统化石燃料,如煤、石油和天然气的非常规气体. 作为可得的清洁能源,它的利用被认为是节能和经济的选择. 在本工作中,非金属原子X(X=H,O,N,S,P,Si,F,Cl)修饰的石墨烯(Gr)被用来代表具有结构异性的煤表面模型. 通过密度泛函理论系统地研究了煤层气组分Y(Y=CH₄,CO₂,H₂O)在非金属原子修饰石墨烯上的吸附作用. 结果表明Y在非金属原子修饰石墨烯上的吸附均为物理吸附. 态密度和差分电荷密度共同表明了这种弱的相互作用.其中,H和Cl对CH₄的作用较大; N、O、F、Cl对CO₂的作用较强; N,Cl对H₂O的影响不容忽视. 总的来说,吸附能大小依次为：H₂O>CO₂>CH₄. 因此,在CH₄富集的煤层里注入H₂O或CO₂可以与CH₄形成竞争吸附,进而提高煤层气采收率. 本工作提供了在分子水平下煤层气与非金属原子修饰石墨烯之间的相互作用的详情,并为煤层瓦斯的开采与分离提供了有用的信息.     

碱金属掺杂叔丁基杯[4]芳烃体系的结构及非线性光学性质

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法得到了M@t-Bu-calix[4]arene和(M@t-Bu-calix[4]arene)Li′(M=Li,Na,K)体系的几何结构.其中(M@t-Bu-calix[4]arene)Li′(M=Li,Na,K)三个体系各有5个稳定异构体,在前三个异构体中,碱金属与t-Bu-calix[4]arene分子间具有很强的相互作用能,说明了体系的稳定性.在部分(M@t-Bucalix[4]arene)Li异构体中Li′原子以阴离子形式存在,整个体系表现出碱金属化物的特性.此外,使用CAMB3LYP方法计算了t-Bu-calix[4]arene及碱金属掺杂后体系的非线性光学性质.结果表明,t-Bu-calix[4]arene内部掺杂一个碱金属原子M后,体系的一阶超极化率(β0)有较大提高,而在配体外部又掺杂一个Li原子后,体系具有更大的β0值.其中(M@t-Bu-calix[4]arene)Li′体系的MLi′-4异构体表现出最高的β0值(41827-114354 a.u.),并且随着M原子序数的增加而逐渐增大.可见,碱金属掺杂是提高t-Bu-calix[4]arene非线性光学响应的一种有效策略.     

石墨烯条带的电子结构与性质:电场及长度效应

在密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)的基础上对宽度上含有8个zigzag链的石墨烯条带(8-ZGNR)的基态和激发态的性质进行了理论研究,着重考察了条带长度及电场的影响.B3LYP杂化泛函的计算结果显示:在基态上,8-ZGNR的最低能量态并不具有磁性,随着长度的增加,才会显示出反铁磁的性质.静电场的加入使8-ZGNR显示出反铁磁性和半金属性.在激发态上,诱导电子会随着外激光脉冲的变化而发生移动和变化,但是相比而言,α自旋电子更容易被激发而产生较明显的诱导电子密度,而β自旋电子则更容易脱离外激光场的控制而产生非绝热现象.